Laser technology is effective in treating and removing certain pigmented lesions, such as freckles or age-related spots. Most of these spots are not typically dangerous and are primarily caused by sun exposure. Their dark color results from a significant buildup of melanin in a specific area of the skin.
One of the most effective lasers for treating pigmented lesions is the Q-Switch laser. The intense light energy it emits is rapidly absorbed and destroys the melanin buildup, leading to the removal of the lesion. It's important to note that laser treatment is not suitable for removing malignant or suspicious pigmented lesions.
The procedure typically lasts from 5 to 10 minutes, depending on the number of lesions being treated. The patient, wearing special protective glasses, may experience moderate but manageable pain during the procedure. After the treatment, a burning sensation may persist for a few hours. Approximately 80% of the pigmented lesions can be removed in a single session. If dealing with a large lesion, the treatment may be divided into multiple sessions.
In the days following the procedure, a scab may appear, which typically disappears in 7-9 days, and there may be mild erythema (redness). Several variables influence the duration of this erythema, including individual reactivity, the treated area and its size, skin color, and the depth reached by the laser beam. Therefore, the use of soothing creams is recommended, and for several days, an antibiotic cream should be applied to the lesions. In addition to the immediate undesirable local effects, it cannot be ruled out that permanent changes in skin pigmentation (light or dark spots) and small skin burns may occur.
Once pigmentary lesions have been treated with the laser, they typically do not reappear. However, if this were to happen, it is possible to intervene again after 10-12 months. Laser treatment with Q-Switch is contraindicated in individuals with a positive history of hypertrophic or keloid scars and in individuals on photosensitizing medications.
As of today, research and clinical evidence suggest that laser therapy is safe, although it may not always guarantee complete elimination of the treated lesion or cosmetic issue.